Ultrasound
Ultrasoundmachines are a treatment modality used by physical therapists that utilize high or low frequency sound waves.

These sound waves are transmitted to the surrounding tissue and vasculature. Ultrasound sound waves cause vessel vasodilatation and increase circulation to the area that assists in healing. Ultrasound is especially useful in relieving acute episodes of pain and enhancing tissue repair, including assisting the body in disposing of excess internal scar tissue.
Electrical Stimulation Therapy (Estim)
Electrical stimulation uses an electrical current to cause a single muscle or a group of muscles to contract.

By placing electrodes on the skin in various locations the physical therapist can recruit the appropriate muscle fibers. Contracting the muscle via electrical stimulation helps strengthen the affected muscle. The physical therapist can change the current setting to allow for a forceful or gentle muscle contraction. Along with increasing muscle strength, the contraction of the muscle also promotes blood supply to the area that assists in healing.
Electroanalgesic Nerve Block
Electroanalgesic medical treatment involves the use of computer-modulated electronic signals to imitate, exhaust or block the function of somatic or sympathetic nerve fibers.

An electroanalgesic medical device (EAD), utilizing communications-level technology, is used to produce and deliver higher-frequency signal energy in a continually varying sequential and random pattern via specialty electrodes. These electrodes of specific size, shape, and anatomical placement, can be effectively used to obtain pharmaceutical pain medication effects without the harmful side effects. EAD has been shown to assist in nerve tissue regeneration.
Superficial Heat
Superficial heat can produce heating effects at a depth limited to 1-2cm. Deeper tissues are generally not heated due to the thermal insulation of subcutaneous fat and the increased cutaneous blood flow which dissipates heat.
It has been found to be helpful in diminishing pain and decreasing local muscle spasm. Superficial heat, such as the hydrocolater pack, is used as an adjunct to facilitate range of motion. It is most often used during the acute phases of treatment when the reduction of pain and inflammation are the primary goals.
Cryotherapy
Ice packs or cryotherapy are generally more effective in terms of depth of penetration than other superficial thermal modalities.
Intramuscular temperatures can actually be reduced by 3-7 degrees C. This is helpful in reducing local metabolism, inflammation, and pain. The analgesic effects of ice result from a decreased nerve conduction velocity along pain fibers and a reduction of the muscle spindle activity responsible for mediating local muscle tone. It is usually most effective in the acute phase of treatment.
Active Physio Therapy
Muscle-Strengthening Exercises: Many forms of exercise increase muscle strength.
All involve progressively increased resistance. When a muscle is very weak, movement against gravity alone is sufficient. As muscle strength increases, resistance is gradually increased by using stretchy bands or weights. In this way, muscle size (mass) and strength are increased, and endurance improves.
Range-of-Motion Exercises: Range of motion commonly becomes restricted after a a diseased/degenerated joint. Restricted range of motion can cause pain, interfere with a person's ability to function, and increase the risk of scar tissue build up. ROM physio therapy can greatly improve the healing process.
PNFProprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
What PNFProprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation or PNF is a form of flexibility therapy.

It is based on the principles of functional anatomy of humans and neurophysiology, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation proprioceptive inputs used to improve muscle strength and flexibility. Proprioceptors are sensory nerve ending in the muscles, tendons and joints. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is built on a series of exercises that stretch stiff or sore muscles PNF body. Specific exercises combined muscle contraction and relaxation with passive partner and supported by stretching.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is also used as a rehabilitation therapy for flexibility, building strength and movement of a damaged or stiff muscles nd joints. Benefits PNF proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation can improve muscle strength, increase endurance and improve coordination.
Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis is a technique using a small electric charge to deliver a medicine or other chemical through the skin.
Basically an injection without the needle. The technical description of this process is a non-invasive method of propelling high concentrations of a charged substance, normally medication or bioactive agents, transdermally by repulsive electromotive force using a small electrical charge applied to an iontophoretic chamber containing a similarly charged active agent and its vehicle. To clarify, one or two chambers are filled with a solution containing an active ingredient and its solvent, termed the vehicle. The positively charged chamber, termed the anode will repel a positively charged chemical, while the negatively charged chamber, termed the cathode, will repel a negatively charged chemical into the skin. Common diagnoses treated with Iontophoresis include plantar fasciitis, bursitis and tendonitis.

Phonophoresis
Phonophoresis is the use of ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topically applied drugs.
Effectively, medicines contained within or under the ultrasound gel are pushed by the sound waves of the ultrasound and driven deep below the skin. Phonophoretically administered medications can penetrate the body to a much deeper level than those massaged by hand over the surface of the skin. This can help with joint and disc pain.

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